降雪对生物土壤结皮光合及呼吸作用的影响     

李刚  刘立超  高艳红  赵杰才  杨昊天 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):998-1006

通过对降雪处理下2种生物土壤结皮（藓类结皮和藻类结皮）光合及呼吸作用的测定,研究了降雪后生物土壤结皮净光合速率和呼吸速率的变化特征。结果表明：冬季生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率受空气温度,辐射及土壤水分的影响,水分是关键影响因子;生物土壤结皮的光合及呼吸作用主要有3个阶段性的变化;降雪后生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率都会先增加后降低;生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率变化会受到积雪覆盖、降雪改变温度及水分的影响;生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率与降雪量正相关。本研究证实了冬季生物土壤结皮的光合与呼吸作用不可忽略,对全球碳循环过程有重要意义。  相似文献   

Elemental δ13C at Allen's Cave,Nullarbor Plain,Australia: assessing post‐depositional disturbance and reconstructing past environments     

C. S. M. Turney  M. I. Bird  R. G. Roberts 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(8):779-784

The degree to which post‐depositional disturbance can be assessed in archaeological sequences is critical for the development of robust chronologies for such deposits. A common approach is the identification of conjoined artefacts distributed through the sequence as a measure of disturbance following deposition, although this method is relatively labour intensive and does not provide a continuous record of disturbance through the entire sequence. Here we present δ¹³C values for different size fractions (<125 and >125 µm) of chemically resistant charcoal distributed through a sedimentary profile at Allen's Cave, South Australia. The curves generated from both size fractions parallel one another, indicating minimal disturbance through the entire profile and providing greater confidence in the luminescence and radiocarbon chronologies reported previously for the site. In addition, the elemental δ¹³C values provide an indication of greater aridity (compared with present) persisting in this area from ca. 45 to 12 ka, consistent with other proxy records. The onset of the Holocene is marked by a shift to wetter conditions, probably as a result of post‐glacial marine transgression and closer proximity to the coastline. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impacts of LUCC processes on potential land productivity in China in the 1990s     

Jiyuan?Liu  Xinliang?XuEmail author  Dafang?Zhuang  Zhiqiang?Gao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(8):1259-1269

Using meteorological data and RS dynamic land-use observation data set, the potential land productivity that is limited by solar radiation and temperature is estimated and the impacts of recent LUCC processes on it are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the influence of LUCC processes on potential land productivity change has extensive and unbalanced characteristics. It generally reduces the productivity in South China and increases it in North China, and the overall effect is increasing the total productivity by 26.22 million tons. The farmland reclamation and original farmlands losses are the primary causes that led potential land productivity to change. The reclamation mostly distributed in arable-pasture and arable-forest transitional zones and oasises in northwestern China has made total productivity increase by 83.35 million tons, accounting for 3.50% of the overall output. The losses of original farmlands driven by built-up areas invading and occupying arable land are mostly distributed in the regions which have rapid economic development, e.g. Huang-Huai-Hai plain, Yangtze River delta, Zhujiang delta, central part of Gansu, southeast coastal region, southeast of Sichuan Basin and Urumqi-Shihezi. It has led the total productivity to decrease 57.13 million tons, which is 2.40% of the overall output.  相似文献   

近2600年来内蒙古居延海湖泊沉积物的色素含量及环境意义   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

瞿文川  吴瑞金  王苏民  张振克 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):13-17

通过分析东居延海S₁探坑剖面色素含量,结合碳酸盐、介形类化石、腐殖酸、磁化率及化学元素等多环境指标分析结果,探讨该区近 2 6 0 0年来环境气候波动特点。研究区气候变化大致经历几个阶段:温暖湿润(2 6 5 0～ 2 5 6 0aB.P.)→湖泊菱缩,气候偏干暖 (2 5 6 0～ 2 36 0aB.P.)→暖湿气候背景下湖泊的扩张 (2 36 0～2 1 2 0aB.P.)→冷湿向冷干转换,湖泊由大湖开始菱缩 (2 1 2 0～ 1 6 0 0aB.P.)→气候暖湿,湖泊再次扩张,(1 6 0 0～ 6 5 0aB.P.)→湖泊由扩张到菱缩,气候由冷湿向暖干变化 (6 5 0aB.P.-至今 )。同时尝试把色素与其它指标的结合作为指示湖泊古初始生产力的有效性,以及识别沉积记录有关人类活动的可能性。  相似文献   

Fossil pigments as indicators for palaeoclimatic interpretations —A case study of Qinghai Lake     

Han Xiaozhong  Shen Han  Wang Sumin  Yu Yuansheng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1992,10(4):320-324

An 82 cm core was collected from Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China and sectioned in intervals of 1 cm for analysis of pigments (i. e. chlorophyll derivatives, carotenoids, myxoxanthophyll, oscillaxanthin) and²¹⁰Pb.²¹⁰Pb dating was used to establish the chronological sequence. The concentrations of myxoxanthophyll and oscillaxanthin from the cyanophytes increase with temperature. There are four peak values at 0–14 cm (present−1891a), 25 cm (1786a), 45 cm (1581a), 60 cm (1416a) representing four warm and low water level periods during the past 700 years. This was confirmed by the high concentration of carbonate and ∂¹³C in these stages. In these 700 years, there were also 4 periods of cold wet climate and high water level as indicated by the tree ring index and high value of native chlorophyll and high, variable CD/TC ratios. The project was supported by the Loess and Quaternary Research Lab, Academia Sinica.  相似文献   

黑河流域几个主要植物种光合特征的比较研究   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11  

龚吉蕊  赵爱  苏培玺  黄承 《中国沙漠》2005,25(4):587-592

对自然生长在沙丘上的旱生植物沙拐枣、梭梭和防护林带的中生植物沙枣和杨树在大气干燥,土壤干旱下的光合响应机制进行了比较研究。结果表明,4种植物气孔导度的变化主要受空气相对湿度和饱和水蒸汽压差的影响,气孔的关闭是对空气湿度的急剧降低、饱和水蒸汽压差的急剧升高的前馈反应,只是响应程度不同。沙拐枣、沙枣和梭梭具有高光合,杨树为低光合。沙拐枣、梭梭、沙枣的光合速率日变化曲线呈双峰型,有午睡现象出现;杨树的呈单峰型。沙拐枣的午睡主要由非气孔因素引起,光化学效率的降低可能是非气孔因素之一;梭梭的光合午睡也是由非气孔因素引起。而气孔关闭是沙枣光合午睡的一个原因。沙枣的光合速率的日变化曲线与气孔导度的变化呈平行下降趋势,其他3种植物没有表现此现象。4种植物在强光时都发生了不同程度的光抑制,只是出现的时间不同;沙拐枣和沙枣出现低谷后恢复很快,梭梭和杨树起伏比较大,杨树恢复相对较慢,但到晚上都得到恢复。4种植物对沙区高光强表现出不同程度的可调控的保护性机制。  相似文献   

降雪对荒漠生物土壤结皮光合生理特性的影响     

司守霞  李宜轩  回嵘  刘立超  谢敏  王艳莉 《中国沙漠》2018,38(3):560-567

生物土壤结皮（BSC）广泛分布在干旱、半干旱区,对荒漠生态系统的稳定、平衡等具有重要意义。初步探讨了降雪量对腾格里沙漠东南缘藻类、地衣和藓类结皮叶绿素荧光参数、光合色素、丙二醛（MDA）及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：结皮光合生理特性对降雪量的响应有显著差异。适量降雪激发3种结皮PSⅡ反应中心,引起光合色素、可溶性蛋白合成升高,MDA含量降低;过量降雪导致藻类和地衣结皮光合电子传递受阻,光合色素、可溶性蛋白合成减少,MDA含量升高,产生光抑制现象。适量冬季降雪对结皮具有一定的促进作用,而藓类结皮更能适应极端降雪环境,但相关分子机制还需深入研究。  相似文献   

三种紫菜叶状体对高温胁迫的生理响应   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

陈伟洲  许俊宾  吴文婷  姜红霞  朱建一  陆勤勤 《热带海洋学报》2015,34(1):49-55

  相似文献   

16SrDNA克隆文库解析仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池中生物絮团的细菌群落结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任利华  李斌  孙国华  张秀珍  杨建敏  姜芳  刘丽娟  刘兆存 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):197-205

通过采集东营和蓬莱地区采用生物絮团技术的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池(DYt和PLt)及其对照池(DYc和PLc)海水样品,构建细菌16S r DNA克隆文库,对其中细菌群落的多样性和群落组成结构进行了分析。结果表明,四个文库Coverage值在34.7%—54.8%之间,文库丰富度指数(Chao)66.2—314.1,Shannon多样性指数从3.01—4.07变动,Pielou均匀度指数0.68—0.85,样品的细菌群落均具有很高的多样性,蓬莱仿刺参苗种培育池细菌多样性均高于东营;生物絮团文库中细菌包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等八个菌门和未知类群,黄杆菌群(Flavobacteria)、α-变形菌群(Alphaproteobacteria)和芽孢杆菌群(Bacilli)为主要优势菌群;DYt和PLt处理组文库细菌多样性减少并出现特征菌群,生物絮团调控技术改变了仿刺参苗种培育环境的微生物群落结构。生物絮团的细菌群落结构研究,为揭示生物絮团的作用机制并进一步有效利用提供研究基础和依据。  相似文献   

细胞穿膜肽转导大型海藻及对其光合作用的影响     

韦一凡  郇丽  牛建峰  何林文  黄爱优  张宝玉  林阿朋  王广策 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1235-1240

细胞穿膜肽能够介导外源物质进入细胞,是一种简单高效的分子运输手段。传统的大型海藻外源物质转导方法较为复杂,并且效率偏低。目前尚没有将细胞穿膜肽应用于大型海藻的报道。本实验利用细胞穿膜肽九聚精氨酸(R9)对浒苔、紫菜和海带这三种常见的大型海藻进行转入,观察其转导效果,并测定转导后藻体光合作用效率的变化。实验结果表明,细胞穿膜肽R9能够成功的转入三种大型海藻,转入的效率与藻体细胞壁结构有一定联系;转导后藻体的Fv/Fm、ETR(I)和ETR(II)没有明显变化,说明R9对大型海藻的光合作用没有负面影响。本实验建立了一种新型的大型海藻外源物质转导方法,为今后的大型海藻育种,分子转化以及外源物质转入机制等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献